Dermatology
Keratinocyte mechanics and structural-protein modulation
Changes in keratinocyte mechanical properties and expression of structural skin proteins.
Biological pathway
Cell-culture studies report altered actin organisation, stiffness and expression of genes associated with collagen and elastin regulation.
Evidence summary
Peer-reviewed in vitro work supports biological activity of acetyl tetrapeptide-2 in keratinocytes.
Limitations
Cell stiffness and gene-expression findings do not prove visible anti-ageing benefits in humans.