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PeptiBrief
Metabolic and neuroendocrine

Triple GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor signalling

Combined agonism of GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptors is intended to integrate appetite suppression, glucose-dependent insulinotropic effects and glucagon-linked energy-expenditure or hepatic actions.

Biological pathway

GIP receptor plus GLP-1 receptor plus glucagon receptor agonism → cyclic-AMP signalling in responsive tissues → coordinated effects on appetite, glucose handling and energy metabolism.

Evidence summary

Retatrutide has established triple-receptor pharmacology and randomized phase 2 human evidence, with phase 3 development continuing.

Limitations

The relative contribution of each receptor to efficacy and adverse effects is uncertain, and long-term outcome and safety evidence remains less mature than for licensed incretin therapies.

Peptides linked to this mechanism

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