Apelin
A family of endogenous peptides that activate the apelin receptor and regulate cardiovascular function, fluid balance and metabolism.
- Human evidencen/a
- Animal evidencen/a
- Mechanisticn/a
- Safety knowledgen/a
- Editorial confidence4/5
Evidence Snapshot
- Overall
- 2/5Emerging / preliminary
- Human
- 2/5Some human clinical evidence
- Animal
- 0/5None identified
- In-vitro
- 0/5None identified
- Safety
- 0/5None identified
Scientific identity
- Peptide family
- Apelin receptor ligands
- Entity class
- Endogenous peptide family
- Alternative names
- APLNPreproapelin-derived peptides
Identified in 1998 as the endogenous ligand family for the previously orphan APJ receptor.
Proposed Mechanisms
- not-yet-documentedpending-editorial-review
- Apelin receptor signalling →strong
Reported / Studied Uses
- Metabolic Health / Insulin ResistanceEvidence · weak
Human Evidence
Human physiology studies and early agonist trials demonstrate vasodilatory and cardiac effects, but no native apelin product has an established routine therapeutic indication.
Animal Evidence
Extensive animal evidence supports cardiovascular, renal, metabolic and fluid-balance actions.
Safety & Unknowns
Regulatory Status
| Country | Status | Notes |
|---|
Community Observations
References
- No verified references linked yet. Editors will add primary sources.
Full Disclaimer
This page is for educational information only. It does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, treatment, dosing guidance, or a recommendation to use any peptide, medicine or research chemical. Many peptides discussed on Atlas are not approved for human use in most jurisdictions and may have limited or unknown long-term safety data.
Community observations shown on this page are anonymised, moderated and observational only. They do not establish safety or effectiveness.
Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making decisions about your health. See medical disclaimer and methodology.
Explore further
from the knowledge graph- Design, characterization, and first-in-human study of the vascular actions of a novel biased apelin receptor agonist2015 · first_in_human_study
- International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CVII. Structure and Pharmacology of the Apelin Receptor with a Recommendation that Elabela/Toddler Is a Second Endogenous Peptide Ligand2019 · expert_review