Apelin-13
A potent endogenous apelin-receptor agonist studied for acute cardiovascular and renal effects.
- Human evidencen/a
- Animal evidencen/a
- Mechanisticn/a
- Safety knowledgen/a
- Editorial confidence4/5
Evidence Snapshot
- Overall
- 2/5Emerging / preliminary
- Human
- 2/5Some human clinical evidence
- Animal
- 0/5None identified
- In-vitro
- 0/5None identified
- Safety
- 2/5Partially characterised safety
Scientific identity
- Molecular formula
- C69H111N23O16S
- Molecular weight
- 1550.8 Da
- Sequence
- Gln-Arg-Pro-Arg-Leu-Ser-His-Lys-Gly-Pro-Met-Pro-Phe
- Peptide family
- Apelin receptor ligand
- Entity class
- Endogenous peptide
- Alternative names
- Apelin 13Pyr-apelin-13Pyr1-apelin-13
Identified as a potent short apelin fragment; pyroglutamyl apelin-13 is a prominent and relatively stable cardiovascular isoform in humans.
Proposed Mechanisms
- not-yet-documentedpending-editorial-review
- Apelin receptor signalling →strong
- Nitric oxide / blood flow →supported
Reported / Studied Uses
- Metabolic Health / Insulin ResistanceEvidence · insufficient
Human Evidence
Controlled human infusion research demonstrates reduced vascular resistance and increased cardiac output, including in chronic kidney disease.
Animal Evidence
Animal studies report cardiovascular, metabolic and neuroprotective effects.
Safety & Unknowns
Regulatory Status
| Country | Status | Notes |
|---|
Community Observations
References
- No verified references linked yet. Editors will add primary sources.
Full Disclaimer
This page is for educational information only. It does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, treatment, dosing guidance, or a recommendation to use any peptide, medicine or research chemical. Many peptides discussed on Atlas are not approved for human use in most jurisdictions and may have limited or unknown long-term safety data.
Community observations shown on this page are anonymised, moderated and observational only. They do not establish safety or effectiveness.
Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making decisions about your health. See medical disclaimer and methodology.
Explore further
from the knowledge graph- International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CVII. Structure and Pharmacology of the Apelin Receptor with a Recommendation that Elabela/Toddler Is a Second Endogenous Peptide Ligand2019 · expert_review
- Cardiovascular and renal effects of apelin in chronic kidney disease2024 · randomized_crossover_study